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What is an 'information' in legal terms?

  1. A type of legal filing by the defense

  2. A formal accusation made by a prosecutor

  3. An informal request for case review

  4. A summary of evidence against the defendant

The correct answer is: A formal accusation made by a prosecutor

An 'information' in legal terms refers to a formal accusation made by a prosecutor. This is a written statement charging a person with a crime, detailing the charges and the underlying facts that support those charges. The process involves the prosecutor preparing the information to initiate criminal proceedings without the necessity of a grand jury indictment in certain jurisdictions. This formal document is critical in the legal process as it outlines the specific crimes a defendant allegedly committed, thus providing the basis for the subsequent legal proceedings. In jurisdictions where the use of an information is permitted, it is often the first step in moving a criminal case forward, distinguishing it from other legal documents that might be less formally structured or related to defense strategies. In contrast, the other options do not capture the essence of what an 'information' is in the judicial context, focusing instead on defense issues or broader case management which do not pertain to the formal accusation that 'information' specifically denotes.